type of personality diorder :
-schizoid
-borderline
-histrionic
-narcissistic
-avoidant
-antisocial
MODEL OF ABNORMALITY :
medical model - disebabkan brain injuries,chemical defieciency,hormonal imbalance..
psychodynamic model - bermula dari kecik lagi
behavioral model - disebabkan oleh ineffective learning n boleh diubah
cognitive model - human being in both pro social n maladjusted coz of their thoughts
sociocultural model - disebabkan pengaruh sekeliling
ANXIETY DISORDER :
-rasa bimbang yang melampau
-bila rasa bimbang xdapat dikawal or rasa bimbang tanpa sebab,boleh dikira sebagai personality disorder
PANIC DISORDER :
-panic attacks menyebabkan rasa bimbang or resah yang terlampau
-selalunya akan bereluh,palpilation,sakit dada rasa macam nak gila
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER :
-rasa bimbang or takut but xtau punca
-selalunya berlanjutan untuk satu tempoh masa yang lama-6 bulan
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER :
-rasa takut pasal sesuatu benda yang menyebabkan someone tunjuk sikap pelik
-takut pada kuman - akan basuh tangan dengan sabun cepat2 n kerap
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) :
-trauma pasal kejadian mengejut macam kemalangan ngeri or kematian orang tersayang
-orang yang alami akan tunjuk sikap trauma bila teringat balik kisah tu
SOCIAL ANXIETY PHOBIA :
-takut untuk berada di khalayak ramai
-rasa macam diperhatikan bila berada depan orang ramai
COMMON PHOBIAS :
acrophobia - gayat
agoraphobia - takut untuk berada di tempat terbuka / crowded
claustrophobia - takut tempat gelap/tertutup
brontophobia - takut guruh ( common in children ) --> astraphobia, tonitrophobia, keraunophobia
mysophobia - takut kuman (basuh tangan banyak kali) --> germophobia/bacterophobia @ germaphobia/bacillophobia
necrophobia - takut sume yang berkaitan ngan kematian
aerophobia - takut sukan lasak or berkait ngan udara like wind surfing
arachnophobia - takut spiders
ophidiophobia - takut ular
murophobia - takut tikus
cynophobia - takut anjing
CAUSES OF ANXIETY DISORDER :
-gene - involved in production of neurotransmitter serotonin
-certain deficiency - produce some kind of anxiety disorder
-its a respond of stress
-environment of a person
-feeling guilty towards something
SOMATOFORM DISORDER :
-physical symptoms dat r not under voluntary control n no apparent causes exist
-hysteria or Briquet's syndromes
hypochondriasis - fear of being sick, anxiety about disease
conversion disorder - inability to use sense organ such as cannot move hands , inability to speak
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER :
-disturbance in conciousness,memory,identity,perception
multiple personality
- displaying characteristics of two or more distinct personality
-each personality have its own like or dislikes
-selalu terjadi dalam kalangan wanita n disebabkan oleh physical abuse in childhood
dissociative amnesia
-selalu dipanggil psychogenic amnesia
-xboleh ingat apa yang terjadi
-hilang ingatan
dissociative fugue
-take impulsive,sudden trip,often assuming new identity
-lepas beberapa ketika baru sedar yang dorg berada di tempat lain n lupa pasal masa yang dah dihabiskan
MOOD STATES :
-hepi
-relax
-sedih
OBSERVABLE EXPRESSION OF MOODS :
- blunted - stalking poverty of emotional response (citer pasal citer sdey then orang nangis)
- flat - lacking any emotional expression or reactivity (bincang kes bunuh without show trace)
- inappropiate - emotional expression disharmonious in quality o d person,event or idea dat provoked it (a woman senyum lebar untuk tunjuk perasaan die)
- labile - emotional liability (pathological laughter n crying) - eg : citer about life,nangis2 then gelak2
- restricted - far narrower range of emotional expression than would be expected - muted emotional reactivity (a woman citer pasal pengalaman sedey tp juz nampak sedih,xnangis)
MOOD DISORDER :
bipolar disoder
-known as manic-depressive disorder
-selalunya berlaku untuk yang umo 20
-high (manic) to overly low (depressed)
-patient's behaviour vacillates between 2 extreems :
- manic phase - cakap laju,kurang tido
- depressed phase - moody n sad wif feeling of hopelessness
bipolar 2 disorder
-characterised by one or major depressive episodes acompanied by at least one hypomania episod
-hypomanic - symptoms of mania dat r geerally less severe
-cannot have psychotic features
conditions that commonly occur with bipolar disorder :
- anxiety dissorder - PTSD,social phobia,generalized anxiety disorder
- attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - untuk kes ni,bipolar disorder susah untuk dibezakan dari ADHD .. kekadang boleh tertukar..confius with both conditions
- addiction/substance abuse - alcohol or drug problem
- physical health problem - ade penyakit such as heart disease,thyroid,obesity
depressive disorder
-major depressive disorder (MDD) - typical depression (increase risk for suicide)
-dysthymia
-general category of mood disorder
-muram
major depression
-loss of interest in all life activities
-have delusions-false belief dat inconsistent with reality
causes of major depressive disorder
-caused by combination of biological,learning,cognitive factors
*learning n cognitive theories
-muram
-need to obtain reinforcement mcm asking neighbours
-sllunya orang yang muram olweiz rasa terlampau rendah diri
-have poor self-concept n negative expectation
*learned helplessness
-bila someone hope n dream olweiz xtercapai,dia akan rasa macam berhenti untuk berharap
-give-up
-rasa down yang teramat n keep salahkan diri sendiri
substance induce mood disorder
alcohol induced mood disorder
benzodiazepine induces mood disorder
interferon-alpha mood disorder
catatonic depression - diam
RISK FACTOR FOR MOOD DISORDER :
Major Depressive Disorder
- family history
-early childhood trauma
-major life stressors
-female - in reproductive phase of life
-age 20-40
-urban lifestyle
-unemployed
-alcohol abuse
-nicotine dependence
-divorced or separated
-previous episode
Bipolar Disorder
-family history
-major life stressor
-history of cyclothymia
-age 15-30
-rapid cycling,mixed states n cyclothymia greater in woman
-substance abuse
lack of sleep
previous episode
TOP 9 DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS
- depressed mood
- decrease interest or pleasure
- weight changes
- sleep disturbances
- psychomotor agitation or retardation
- fatigue
- feeling of worthlessness or guilt
- "brain fog"
- thoughts of death
SUICIDE :
-orang yang selalu muram berisiko tinggi untuk bunuh diri
-they believe dat things cannot n will not get better n suicide is d bez option
*attempters
-try to commit suicide tapi x berjaya
-selalunya terjadi pada wanita
*completers
-berjaya bunuh diri
-selalunya golongan lelakii n tua - guna cara ngeri macam tembak kat kepala
causes of suicide :
biological psychologist - certain neurotransmitter especially serotonin linked to disorders dat predispose individuals to suicide
behavioral psychologist - past experience yang mempengaruhi someone untuk bunuh diri
cognitive psychologist - failure of solving problems such as stress
humanistic psychologist - waste of human's being potential
PREVENTION :
*sebenarnya orang yang nak bunuh diri xnak bunuh diri, tapi sebab stress,dorang xleh nak halang perasaan dorang
-nak bantu orang yang nak bunuh diri,cuba elakkan kondisi yang menyebabkan someone bunuh diri
-kalau someone kata nak bunuh diri,jangan ambik remeh
-kata-kata and ayat dia kena alert !
xoxo,
yanie
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